1.and的用法

and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

Both he and I are right.

Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.

但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数,例如：

His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

The poet and writer has come.

当连接的是两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数，例如：

Whisky and soda is my favorite drink.

Bread and butter is my favorite snack.

由and连接的并列主语中如果有each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

Every boy and every girl has a dictionary at hand.

Each man and each woman has a dancing partner at the party.

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

2.就近原则：

not…but…，not only … but also…，either……or,…，neither……nor…，there be…，here…

以上词语连接两个主语时，以离动词最近的主语形式为准，如：

Either Mr. Smith or his wife and sons have to face the difficulties.

There are fourteen chairs and a whiteboard in the meeting room.

经典试题：

One or more pages are missing.

The headmaster or I am going to hand out the papers.

3.就远原则：

with, along with, together with, including, except, but, besides, rather than, instead of

以上词语连接两个主语时，以离动词远的主语形式为准，如：

The library including 5,000 books was burnt down last night.

The teacher rather than the students was wrong.

4.集合名词:

Family, class, group, team, crew, committee,等

如以上名词作主语时，如果指一个整体，谓语动词就是单数;如果指成员时，谓语动词用复数，如：

The class is made up of 40 students.

5.单独的动名词，不定式，从句，时间，金钱，距离，学科，疾病，组织(专有名词)做主语时，谓语动词用单数，如;

Swimming is good for you.

Fifty dollars is too much for me.

Father gave me a dictionary as a birthday gift, which makes me excited.

Physics is really difficult for me to learn